by 84-1074663779 » Thu Jan 29, 2004 6:08 pm
In my experience you need to be very careful about putting anything upstream of an orifice as it will effect the flow coefficient.
Ideally, the upsteam air needs to be a large volume of still undisturbed air, and the flow through a thin sharp edged orifice is pretty predictable if the pressure drop across the orifice is made reasonably high.
As soon as you have turbulent up stream air, and run a low pressure drop orifice, the flow coefficient can vary in unpredictable ways. Sure, you can calibrate it, but if you make changes anywhere in the system, repeatability is not going to be good.
The best way to build an orifice type bench is to have the test hole in the top of the bench leading into a large volume plenum space. The orifice should be well away and out of direct line with the test hole. It should also be located on a flat surface away from any nearby walls by a few diameters, so air can flow evenly towards the orifice from every direction.
The higher the planned pressure drop across your measurement orifice, the less any slight upstream turbulence is going to effect the flow coefficient. The only disadvantage is the greatly increased blower power required to do this.
If you do it right, you should be able to measure identical pressure drops across the measurement orifice, and a second identical orifice taped flat over the test hole.
The beauty of doing it this way is that the flow numbers will agree very closely with the orifice formula, and all your orifice hole sizes will behave in proportion as expected.
Fitting an orifice into a pipe with upstream bends and so on, will work, but you will need to test and calibrate every individual orifice. Also, the sizes will not be even steps because as flow increases with increasing hole sizes, things will become more hairy and unpredictable.
Concentrate on getting your largest orifice to work properly at the highest flow. It is always the most difficult. The next hole size down will work even better as flow turbulence will be less.